ORIGEN ON JOSHUA 5:14 SAYS IT WAS MICHAEL THE ARCH-ANGEL!


GREEK TEXT: “...Διὰ τοῦτο γὰρ καὶ ὁ Ἀπόστολος ἡμῖν ἔλεγε περιτομὴν τοῦ Χριστοῦ, οὐκ ἐν τῇ ἀπεκδύσει τῆς σαρκὸς ἡμῶν. [JOSHUA 5:14 LXX]: Ἐγὼ ἀρχιστράτηγος τῆς δυνάμεως Κυρίου, νῦν παραγέγονα. Μεμνῆσθαι δεῖ ὅτι ἡνίκα ἐμοσχοποίη σαν ὁ Θεὸς τῷ Μωϋσεῖ φησιν, ὅτι «Ἀνάγαγε τὸν λαὸν τοῦτον, οὐ γὰρ μὴ συναναβῶ διὰ τὸ τὸν λαὸν σκληρο τράχηλον εἶναι. [EXODUS 32:34 LXX]: Καὶ ἰδοὺ ἀποστελῶ τὸν ἄγγελόν μου πρὸ προσώπου σου. Πρόσεχε οὖν σεαυτῷ, καὶ μὴ ἀπείθει.» Ὁ δὲ Μωϋσῆς πρὸς αὐτόν φησιν· «Εἰ μὴ συνανέρχῃ ἡμῖν, μή με ἀναγάγῃς ἐντεῦθεν.» Καὶ τοῦτο εἰπὼν ἔπεισε· καὶ ἦν μετὰ τοῦ λαοῦ, ἕως τῆς τελευτῆς Μωϋσῆ. Μετὰ δὲ τὴν τούτου ἀποβίωσιν, φαίνεται μὲν καὶ διαλέγεται τῷ τοῦ Ναυῆ Ἰησοῦ. Μετὰ γοῦν τὴν ἐπιστασίαν τοῦ λαοῦ εἰς τὸν μαθητὴν Μωϋσέως λοιπὸν παραδίδωσιν αὐτὸν [DANIEL 10 LXX]: τῷ ἀρχιστρατήγῳ τῷ Μιχαήλ. Οὗτος ἦν ἄρχων τοῦ λαοῦ, ὡς ἐν τῷ Δανιὴλ φαίνεται λέγων ἕτερος ἄγγελος. [JOSHUA 6:9 LXX]: Πορευόμενοι καὶ σαλπίζοντες. Αὐταὶ αἱ σάλπιγγες, σύμβολόν εἰσι τῶν ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ. [1 THESSALONIANS 4:16] «Αὐτὸς γὰρ, φησὶν, ὁ Κύριος ἐν κελεύσματι, ἐν φωνῇ ἀρχαγγέλου, καὶ ἐν σάλπιγγι Θεοῦ καταβήσεται ἀπ' [12.824] οὐρανοῦ.»...” - (Sections 12.821-12.824; Selecta in Jesum Nave ΩΡΙΓΕΝΟΥΣ ΕΙΣ ΙΗΣΟΥΝ ΝΑΥΗ ΕΚΛΟΓΑΙ. MPG.)

ORIGEN OF ALEXANDRIA (circa 185-253 C.E.): “...For this is also said through the Apostle: [COLOSSIANS 2:11]: “The circumcision from Christ does not consist in the putting off of the flesh on my part.” [JOSHUA 5:14 LXX]: “I AM CHIEF GENERAL OF THE POWER[S] OF [THE] LORD – HAVE NOW COME TO [YOUR] AID!” For you must remember that when [they] made a golden calf, your God said to Moses: [EXODUS 33 LXX]: “Lead this people up-out-of [Egypt], for I shall not ascent to accompany [you], through this people being so stiff necked [and] obstinate! FOR BEHOLD! I SHALL SEND ON A MISSION THEE ANGEL OF MINE{*} BEFORE YOUR FACE. Therefore attentively devote [yourself] to ( him ), [because of] Me, and may [you] not disobey ([him]).” But Moses said toward ( him ): “If it is not you [who] comes out with us, then neither shall you lead me out [either].” And, having said this of him, he was persuaded. Thus it was, that ( he ) accompanied the people, until Moses passed away. But after this ones passing away, ( he ) appeared to Joshua [the son of] Nun, who conversed with [him]. After this, for a certainty, [Latin supplies: “God”] gAVE OVER [TO] HIM, THE DISCIPLE OF MOSES, [AND] THEREAFTER, THE PEOPLE, INTO THE CARE AND DOMINION OF THIS CHEIF GENERAL, MICHAEL. [DANIEL 10 LXX]: THIS ( ONE ) WAS PRINCE OF THE PEOPLE, as was said by a different Angel that appeared in the [book] of Daniel. [JOSHUA 6:9 LXX]: “As they walked playing their trumpets.” These themselves, their trumpets sounding [for war], being a portent of things in the last days: [1st THESSALONIANS 4:16]: “Himself” As, it says: “The Lord with a generals battle call, with [the] voice of [the] Arch-Angel, and with [the] trumpet of God, will descend from [12.824] heaven...” - (Sections 12.821-12.824; Selecta in Jesum Nave ΩΡΙΓΕΝΟΥΣ ΕΙΣ ΙΗΣΟΥΝ ΝΑΥΗ ΕΚΛΟΓΑΙ, MPG, Translated by Matt13weedhacker 28/11/2011-Revised 3/12/11.)
[FOOTNOTE *]: Gk., ( τὸν ἄγγελόν μου ) literally: “...thee Angel of Me...” or “...My Personal Angel...”
[FOOTNOTE ^]: Gk., ( ἐπιστασίαν ) or “...authority, dominion over...”
[FOOTNOTE]: Compare Hippolytus, “Commentary on Daniel” Book 4, Chapter 40:4-5 Gk., ( τίς δὲ ἐστιν Μιχαἠ ) = Gk., ( ὁ ἄγγελος […] ὁ ἄγγελος μου )

LATIN TEXT: “...Ideo enim Apostolus quoque circumcisionem vocat Christi non in exspoliatione carnis nostrae. [JOSHUA 5:14]: “Ego sum Princeps militiae virtutis Domini : nune adveni.” Meminisse oportet, quando conflaverunt vitulum, tunc Deum Moysi dicere: [EXODUS 32:34]: “Deduc populum istum, non enim simul ascendam, quia populus dura cervice est. Et ecce mittam Angelum meum ante faciem tuam. Attende ergo tibi nec esto inobediens. Cui Moyses respondet: Si non ipse simul veneris, ne me educas hinc.” Quibus dictis ei persuasit, et cum populo suit nsque ad obitum Moysis, quo mortuo apparet Jesu filio Nave, et cum eo colloquitur. Postquam ergo populus in Moysis discipulum oculos defixos habuit, tradidit illum Deus Principi militiae suae, Michaeli. [DANIEL 10]: Ilic erat Princeps populi, ut in Daniele videtur dicere alter angelus. “Ambutantes et clangentes.” Hae tubae symbolum sunt eorum quae in novissima die contingent : [1st THESSALONIANS 4:16] “Ipse,” enim inquit, “Dominus in jussu, in voce Archangeli et in tuba Dei descendet de caelo...” - (Pages 822-823, SELECTA IN JESUM NAVE, ORIGENIS, MPG.)

ORIGEN OF ALEXANDRIA (circa 185-253 C.E.): “...Therefore, as the Apostle also calls [it]: “circumcision from of the Christ is not the putting off of our flesh.” [JOSHUA 5:14]:I AM CHEIF-PRINCE OF THE MILITARY POWER[S] OF THE LORD : HAVE NOW COME!” It is necessary to remember, when they forged [out of gold] that calf, God then said to Moses: [EXODUS 32:34]: “Lead this people! For I shall not go up at the same time, as this people is stiff knecked. And, behold! I WILL SEND MY PERSONAL ANGEL, BEFORE THY FACE. YOU SHOULD ATTEND TO [HIS WORDS] AND NOT BE DISOBEDIENT.” To which Moses replies: “If You do not come at the same time, neither bring me out from here.” With these words, he was persuasive. And he was with the people until the death of Moses. After this one's death, he appeared to Jesus the son of Nun, and coverses with him. Once the people had their eye's re-focused on Moses disciple, GOD DELIVERED HIM UP TO [Ltn., ( Principi militiae suae, Michaeli. )] THE CHEIF-PRINCE OF HIS MILITARY FORCES, MICHAEL. [DANIEL 10]: At once he is the Prince of the people, as another Angel that appeared says in the [book of] Daniel. “Marching and sounding trumpets.” These are a symbol of their trumpet [call] which will happen in the last days: [1st THESSALONIANS 4:16]: “For, Himself,” he says: “The Lord, by [his] order, with the voice of the Arch-Angel and the trumpet of God, shall descend from heaven...” - (PAGES 822-823, SELECTIONS IN JESUS THE SON OF NAVE, ORIGEN MPG, Translated by Matt13weedhacker 28/11/2011-Revised 3/12/11.)

Compare Joshua 5:14:

Old Itala/Vetus Latina/Pre-Vulgate OT:
...Ille autem dixit : Ego sum ( Dux ) virtutis Domini, nunc adveni...”

Matt13weedhacker Vetus Latina translation:
...And he said: I am the Duke{*} of the power of the Lord, now come...”
[FOOTNOTE *]: Or “...Leader...”

Vulgate:
...Qui respondit : Nequaquam : Sed sum ( Princeps ) exercitus Domini, & nunc venio...”

Matt13weedhacker Vulgate translation:
...he answered: No: but I am the First-Prince of army of the Lord, and now I come...”

Compare also 1st Thessalonians 4:16:

Latin: Biblia Sacra Vulgata
“...quoniam ipse Dominus in iussu et in voce archangeli et in tuba Dei descendet de caelo et mortui qui in Christo sunt resurgent primi...”

Nova [New or Revised] Vulgata
...quoniam ipse Dominus in iussu, in voce archangeli et in tuba Dei descendet de caelo, et mortui, qui in Christo sunt, resurgent primi...”

Ltn., ( PRINCEPS ), cĭpis, adj. and
I. subst. comm. [primus-capio], first in time or order (syn. Primus). [...] first, in front, in advance, […] B. The first, chief, the most eminent, distinguished, or noble (syn. primores):
II. As subst.: princeps , cĭpis, m., the first man, first person: “princeps senatŭs,” the first senator on the censor's list, the first member of the Senate, […] B. Esp., the first, chief, principal, most distinguished person: […] —In the time of the emperors this was also a title of honor given to the prince, the heir to the empire, Tac. A. 1, 3: “sacerdotum,” the high-priest, Vulg. Act. 4, 6. — C. A chief, head, author, originator, leader, contriver, etc.: [...]
D. A chief, superior, director (ante- and post-class.): […] E. A prince, i. e. a ruler, sovereign, emperor (poet. and post-Aug.): F. In milit[ary] lang[uage]: […] 2. A centurion or captain of the principes: princeps prior, the first captain of the principes, Caes. B. C. 3, 64 fin.: “princeps tertiae legionis,” Liv. 25, 14; cf. id. 42, 34.— 3. The office of centurion of the principes, the centurionship or captaincy of the principes: mihi primus princeps prioris centuriae est adsignatus, the first captaincy of the principes, Liv. 42, 34, 8.—Comp.: “omnium priorum principum principiorem, si dici fas est,” Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 1, 1.
A Latin Dictionary. Founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary. revised, enlarged, and in great part rewritten by. Charlton T. Lewis, Ph.D. and. Charles Short, LL.D. Oxford. Clarendon Press. 1879.

Ltn., ( PRĪNCEPS ), cipis, adj.
primus+CAP-, first in order, foremost : se principes ex omnibus bellum facturos pollicentur, Cs.: in fugā postremus, in periculo princeps: princeps Horatius ibat, in front , L.: principes pecuniae pollicendae fuerunt, took the lead in : princeps in haec verba iurat, Cs.: ut principes talem nuntium attulisse viderentur, might be the first , Cs.: matri Qui dederit princeps oscula, O.: Princeps ante omnīs agebat Agmen, first of all , V.: qualitatum aliae sunt principes, original : addere principi Limo particulam, H.— The first, chief, most eminent, most noble : longe omnium gravitate princeps Plato: terrarum populus, L.— Prov.: Principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est, H.—As subst m., the first man, first person : senatūs, first on the roll , S.: principes sententiarum consulares, who were first asked for their opinion , L.— The first, chief, leader, foremost man : in re p. principes esse: iuventutis, one of the noblest of the Roman knights : trecenti principes iuventutis Romanae, i. e. patrician youths , L.: (pueri) aequalium principes, first among their fellows. —A chief, head, author, founder, originator, leader, contriver : Zeno eorum (Stoicorum): Argonautarum, i. e. Jason : principes inferendi belli, Cs.: sententiae in senatu: eius consili principes, Cs.: equitum, at the head of , Iu.: familiae suae, founder , L.— A prince, ruler, sovereign, emperor : hic ames dici pater atque princeps, H.: principis uxor, Iu.—In the army, plur., orig., the foremost line ; hence, the heavy-armed, second line of soldiers ; cf. totidem princeps habebat Corpora (poet. for principes), O.— A company of the principes : primi principis signum, of the first company of the heavyarmed , L.: octavum principem duxit, was centurion of the eighth maniple.—A centurion of the principes : princeps prior, first captain of the principes , Cs.: tertiae legionis, L.— The office of centurion of the principes, captaincy of the principes : mihi primus princeps prioris centuriae est adsignatus, i. e. centurion of the first century of the first maniple , L.

DUX , dŭcis, com. duco,
I. a leader, conductor, guide (for syn. cf.: imperator, ductor, tyrannus, rex, princeps, praetor, auctor).
I. In gen.: “illis non ducem locorum, non exploratorem fuisse,” Liv. 9, 5, 7; cf. “itineris,” Curt. 5, 4: “itinerum,” Caes. B. G. 6, 17, 1: “regendae civitatis (with auctor publici consilii),” Cic. de Or. 3, 17, 63: “dux isti quondam et magister ad despoliandum Dianae templum fuit,” Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 21: “nil desperandum Teucro duce et auspice Teucro,” Hor. C. 1, 7, 27: “tu dux et comes es,” Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 119; id. P. 4, 12, 23 et saep. —In the fem., Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 71; id. Lael. 5, 19; id. Div. 2, 40; id. Tusc. 1, 12, 27; Verg. A. 1, 364; Ov. M. 3, 12; 14, 121 et saep.—
II. In partic., in milit. lang., a leader, commander, general-in-chief.
A. Prop., Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 2; 2, 23, 4 (with qui summam imperii tenebat); 3, 18, 7; “3, 23, 3 et saep.—Prov.: ducis in consilio posita est virtus militum,” Pub. Syr. 136 (Rib.). Also a lieutenant-general, general of division (cf. duco, I. B. 5. b., and imperator), as opp. to the imperator, Caes. B. G. 3, 21, 1; Cic. Off. 3, 26, 99; id. Fl. 12, 27; Tac. H. 3, 37 al.—
B. Transf. beyond the milit. sphere, a leader, chief, head: “dux regit examen,” Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 23; cf. “gregis, i. e. aries,” Ov. M. 5, 327; 7, 311; so, “pecoris,” Tib. 2, 1, 58; “but dux gregis = pastor,” id. 1, 10, 10: “armenti, i. e. taurus,” Ov. M. 8, 884; “of the head of a sect of philosophers,” Lucr. 1, 638; cf. Quint. 5, 13, 59; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13.
A Latin Dictionary. Founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary. revised, enlarged, and in great part rewritten by. Charlton T. Lewis, Ph.D. and. Charles Short, LL.D. Oxford. Clarendon Press. 1879.

DUX ducis, m and f
DVC-, a leader, conductor, guide : itineris periculique, S.: locorum, L.: iis ducibus, qui, etc., guided by , Cs.: Teucro duce, H.: Hac (bove) duce carpe vias, O.—Of troops, a commander, general - in - chief : Helvetiorum, Cs.: hostium, S.— A lieutenant-general, general of division (opp. imperator), Cs. — In gen., a commander, ruler, leader, chief, head, author, ringleader, adviser, promoter : ad despoliandum Diane templum: me uno togato duce: optimae sententiae: femina facti, V.: dux regit examen, H.: armenti (i. e. taurus), O.: Te duce, while you are lord , H.—Fig., a guide, master, adviser, counsellor : natura bene vivendi: Sine duce ullo pervenire ad hanc improbitatem: quo me duce tuter (i. e. magister), H.
Lewis, Charlton, T. An Elementary Latin Dictionary. New York, Cincinnati, and Chicago. American Book Company. 1890.

VIRTUTIS = noun sg masc gen B. Transf., of animals, and of inanimate or abstract things, goodness, worth, value, power, strength, etc. B. Moral perfection, virtuousness, virtue.
H.—Goodness, moral perfection, high character, virtue: C. Military talents, courage, valor, bravery, gallantry, fortitude (syn. fortitudo)

EXERCITUS = part sg perf pass masc nom

EXERCĬTUS , ūs
I. gen. sing. exerciti, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 103 P.; Att. Trag. Fragm. 150, 311 (Rib. p. 155, 177); Varr. ap. Non. 485, 16 sq. EXERCITVIS, acc. to Non. ib. 11, without example. EXERCITVVS, Inscr. Orell. 4922.—Dat.: “exercitu,” Caes. B. C. 3, 96; Liv. 9, 5; 9, 41; 22, 1 al.), m. exerceo. *
I. Lit., exercise: “pro exercitu gymnastico et palaestrico, etc.,” Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 7.—
B. Transf., concr., in milit. lang., an exercised, disciplined body of men, an army (syn.: “agmen, acies, phalanx, caterva, manus, legiones): exercitum non unam cohortem neque unam alam dicimus, sed numeros multos militum. Nam exercitui praeesse dicimus eum, qui legionem vel legiones administrat,” Dig. 3, 2, 2: horrescit telis exercitus asper utrimque, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4 (Ann. v. 385, ed. Vahl.); Enn. Ann. 14, 13: “exercitum comparare,” Cic. Phil. 4, 3, 6: “abire in exercitum,” Plaut. Am. prol. 102; 125: “venire ab exercitu,” id. ib. 140: “adesse ad exercitum,” id. ib. 1, 3, 6: “e castris educere exercitum,” id. ib. 1, 1, 61 (cf.: “ex oppido legiones educere,” id. ib. v. 63); cf.: “exercitum conscribere, comparare,” id. ib. 5, 13, 36: “parare,” Sall. C. 29, 3: “scribere,” Liv. 2, 43, 5: “conficere,” Cic. Phil. 5, 16, 43; id. de Imp. Pomp. 21, 61: “facere,” id. Phil. 5, 8, 23: “conflare,” id. ib. 4, 6, 15: “contrahere,” Caes. B. G. 1, 34, 3: “cogere,” id. ib. 3, 17, 2; Sall. J. 10, 4: “ducere,” Cic. Mur. 9, 20: “ductare,” Sall. C. 11, 5; 17, 7: “transducere,” Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 1 et saep.—As a land army, in opposition to a naval army or fleet: “eodem tempore et exercitus ostendebatur et classis intrabat portum,” Liv. 26, 42, 2. As infantry, in opposition to cavalry: “(Caesar) exercitum equitatumque castris continuit,” Caes. B. G. 2, 11, 2; 7, 61, 2; 1, 48, 4; Liv. 30, 36, 8; 40, 52, 6; cf. Drak. id. 28, 1, 5.—
2. Transf.
(a). The assembly of the people in the Centuria Comitiata, as being a military organization, Varr. L. L. 6, 9, § 88; cf. Gell. 15, 27 fin.; Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 50; 52.—
(b). Poet., in gen., a multitude, host, swarm, flock: “corvorum,” Verg. G. 1, 382; id. A. 5, 824; Sil. 11, 413.—
(g). A troop, body of attendants, etc.: “huic illut dolet, quia remissus est edundi exercitus,” Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 50: “remissum imperare exercitum,” id. ib. v. 52.—*
II. (Acc. to exerceo, II. C.) Trouble, affliction: “Noli, obsecro, lacrimis tuis mihi exercitum imperare,” Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 60.
A Latin Dictionary. Founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary. revised, enlarged, and in great part rewritten by. Charlton T. Lewis, Ph.D. and. Charles Short, LL.D. Oxford. Clarendon Press. 1879.

EXERCITUS ūs dat. ū, Cs., L.; gen plur. tūm, L.)
exerceo, a disciplined body of men, army : terrestris, L.: tiro, L.: pedester, N.: exercitum dimittere, T.: comparare: parare, S.: scribere, L.: contrahere, Cs.: ducere: cum exercitu venit: exercitum equitatumque castris continuit, infantry , Cs.: exercitūs conveniunt, S.— A multitude, host, swarm, flock : corvorum, V.
Lewis, Charlton, T. An Elementary Latin Dictionary. New York, Cincinnati, and Chicago. American Book Company. 1890.

MILITIAE = “...military body or service...”

Comments